In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour, sugar, instant yeast, and salt. Mix well and set aside.
In a saucepan, gently heat the milk and melted butter until warm (not hot). Remove from heat and let cool slightly.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the eggs and vanilla extract. Add the warm milk mixture to the eggs and whisk until combined.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and mix until a dough begins to form. Knead the dough by hand or using a stand mixer with a dough hook for about 5-7 minutes until smooth and elastic.
Cover the dough with a damp cloth and let it rise in a warm place until doubled in size, about 1 hour.
While the dough is rising, prepare the caramel filling: In a small mixing bowl, combine brown sugar, corn syrup, softened butter, and ground cinnamon. Mix until smooth and set aside.
Once the dough has risen, punch it down and roll it out on a floured surface into a rectangle about ½ inch thick.
Spread the caramel mixture evenly over the dough, leaving a small border around the edges. Sprinkle chopped pecans over the caramel paste.
Roll the dough tightly from one short end to the other into a cylinder. Cut the rolled dough into 12 equal pieces.
In a greased 9x13 inch baking dish, pour any remaining caramel filling and lay the sliced buns cut-side up. Cover and refrigerate overnight (or for at least 8 hours).
In the morning, preheat your oven to 350°F (180°C). Allow the buns to come to room temperature for about 30 minutes while the oven preheats.
Bake the sticky buns in the preheated oven for about 25-30 minutes or until golden brown and cooked through.
Remove from the oven and let cool for 5 minutes before flipping the dish upside down onto a serving platter to release the sticky caramel.
Notes
Serve warm, drizzled with leftover caramel sauce and garnished with chopped pecans and powdered sugar.