In a large pot of salted boiling water, cook the penne pasta according to the package instructions until al dente. Reserve 1 cup of pasta cooking water, then drain and set aside.
In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add minced garlic and red pepper flakes, sautéing for about 30 seconds until fragrant (be careful not to burn the garlic).
Stir in the crushed tomatoes and tomato paste, mixing well. Bring the mixture to a simmer. Season with salt to taste and let it cook for about 10-15 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld and the sauce to thicken.
Add the drained penne to the skillet with the sauce. Toss everything together, adding reserved pasta water a little at a time until you reach your desired sauce consistency. Make sure the pasta is evenly coated.
Remove from heat and let it rest for a minute. Plate the spicy penne Arrabbiata and garnish with fresh basil leaves. Optionally, serve with grated Parmesan cheese on top.
Notes
Adjust the red pepper flakes to taste for desired spiciness.